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c-Fos expression in rat brainstem following intake of sucrose or saccharin

Ke Chen, Jianqun Yan, Jinrong Li, Bo Lv, Xiaolin Zhao

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 294-301 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0144-8

摘要： To examine whether the activation of brainstem neurons during intake of a sweet tastant is due to orosensory signals or post-ingestive factors, we compared the distribution of c-Fos-like immunoreactivity (c-FLI) in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) and parabrachial nucleus (PBN) of brainstem following ingestion of 0.25 M sucrose or 0.005 M saccharin solutions. Immunopositive neurons were localized mainly in the middle zone of the PBN and four rostral-caudal subregions of the NST. Intake of sucrose increased the number of FLI neurons in almost every subnucleus of the PBN (F = 7.610, = 0.023), in addition to the caudal NST at the level of the area postrema (F = 10.777, = 0.003) and the NST intermediate zone (F = 7.193, = 0.014). No significant increase in the number of c-Fos positive neurons was detected in response to saccharin ingestion, although there was a trend towards a modest increase in a few select NST and PBN nuclei. These results suggest that the PBN and NST may be involved in sweet taste perception and modulation of sweet tastant intake, but the significantly enhanced intensity of Fos expression induced by sucrose indicates that PBN/NST neuronal activity is driven by the integrated effects of sweet taste sensation and post-ingestive signals.

关键词： c-Fos parabrachial the nucleus of the solitary tract sweet tastant rat

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Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of sweet potato powder for the production of ethanol under

Yinxiu CAO, Hongchi TIAN, Kun YAO, Yingjin YUAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 318-324 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-1026-3

摘要： Due to its merits of drought tolerance and high yield, sweet potatoes are widely considered as a potential alterative feedstock for bioethanol production. Very high gravity (VHG) technology is an effective strategy for improving the efficiency of ethanol fermentation from starch materials. However, this technology has rarely been applied to sweet potatoes because of the high viscosity of their liquid mash. To overcome this problem, cellulase was added to reduce the high viscosity, and the optimal dosage and treatment time were 8 U/g (sweet potato powder) and 1 h, respectively. After pretreatment by cellulase, the viscosity of the VHG sweet potato mash (containing 284.2 g/L of carbohydrates) was reduced by 81%. After liquefaction and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), the final ethanol concentration reached 15.5% (v/v), and the total sugar conversion and ethanol yields were 96.5% and 87.8%, respectively.

关键词： bioethanol sweet potato very high gravity viscosity reduction simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

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Ethanol production from sweet sorghum residual

BAN Jingyang, YU Jianliang, ZHANG Xu, TAN Tianwei

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 452-455 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0072-6

摘要： In this work, the ethanol production from sweet sorghum residue was studied. Sweet sorghum residue was hydrolyzed with phosphoric acid under mild conditions. The liquid hydrolysate was fermented by , and the hydrolysis residue was fermented by the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using with cellulase (60 FPU/g dry materials). Orthogonal experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of main reaction condition factors, such as temperature, acid concentration, time and dry-matter content, on the reducing sugar yield. The results show that the optimal reaction conditions should be 120°C, 80 g/L, 80 min and 10%, respectively. Under these conditions, 0.3024 g reducing sugar/g dry material was obtained. The liquid hydrolysate was then fermented by with the highest ethanol concentration of 14.5 g/L. At a water-insoluble solid concentration of 5%, 5.4 g/L ethanol was obtained after 12 h of SSF. The total ethanol yield was 0.147 g/g dry material, which would be beneficial for the application of ethanol production from sweet sorghum residue.

关键词： application material optimal reaction reaction condition temperature

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Comparative transcriptome analysis of purple-fleshed sweet potato provides insights into the molecular

Hongyuan ZHAO, Shanshan ZHANG, Feibing WANG, Ning ZHAO, Shaozhen HE, Qingchang LIU, Hong ZHAI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第2期页码 214-225 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018219

摘要： Sweet potato, , is a globally important food crop. The purple-fleshed sweet potato, rich in anthocyanins, has great potential for both nutritional and pharmaceutical uses. In this study, we characterized the root transcriptomes of the purple-fleshed sweet potato cv. Jingshu 6 and its mutant JS6-5 with high anthocyanin content by high-throughput RNA sequencing. A total of 22873364 and 27955097 high quality reads were obtained from Jingshu 6 and JS6-5, respectively, and assembled into 35592 unigenes. In all, we obtained 1566 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among them, 994 were upregulated and 572 were downregulated in JS6-5 compared to the expression in Jingshu 6. A total of 1436 DEGs were annotated, in which 847 DEGs had gene ontology (GO) terms and 329 DEGs were assigned to 84 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Most importantly, 23 differentially expressed genes and 24 transcription factors were identified as candidate genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, 2349 SSRs were detected. This study not only provides the candidate genes but also provides insights into the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet potato.

关键词： anthocyanin gene expression mutant purple-fleshed sweet potato transcriptome

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CAR T cells redirected against tumor-specific antigen glycoforms: can low-sugar antigens guarantee a sweet

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期页码 322-338 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0901-2

摘要： Immune-based therapies have experienced a pronounced breakthrough in the past decades as they acquired multiple US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals for various indications. To date, six chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapies have been permitted for the treatment of certain patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies. However, several clinical trials of solid tumor CAR-T therapies were prematurely terminated, or they reported life-threatening treatment-related damages to healthy tissues. The simultaneous expression of target antigens by healthy organs and tumor cells is partly responsible for such toxicities. Alongside targeting tumor-specific antigens, targeting the aberrantly glycosylated glycoforms of tumor-associated antigens can also minimize the off-tumor effects of CAR-T therapies. Tn, T, and sialyl-Tn antigens have been reported to be involved in tumor progression and metastasis, and their expression results from the dysregulation of a series of glycosyltransferases and the endoplasmic reticulum protein chaperone, Cosmc. Moreover, these glycoforms have been associated with various types of cancers, including prostate, breast, colon, gastric, and lung cancers. Here, we discuss how underglycosylated antigens emerge and then detail the latest advances in the development of CAR-T-based immunotherapies that target some of such antigens.

关键词： cancer immunotherapy chimeric antigen receptor solid tumors tumor-associated antigen glycosylation O-glycans adoptive cell therapy

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微生物组工程——极具前景的珊瑚健康改善途径 Review

李洁, 杨清松, 董俊德, Michael Sweet, 张颖, 刘聪, 张燕英, 唐小玉, 张文谦, 张偲

《工程（英文）》 2023年第28卷第9期页码 105-116 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.07.010

摘要：

受全球气侯变化和区域环境压力的双重影响，全球珊瑚正面临生存危机。珊瑚微生物学旨在阐释珊瑚及其共生微生物的互作关系，并运用相关知识提升珊瑚健康，相关的研究近年来备受关注。本文综述了珊瑚微生物组参与维持共生体健康的作用原理，如提供营养物质、促进生长发育、抵御病原微生物、缓解环境压力等。探讨了珊瑚微生物组工程通过精准、可控的微生物组操纵以提升珊瑚在动态环境条件下的耐受力和恢复力的可行性。尽管珊瑚微生物组工程仍处于发展初期，近期的突破性进展已表明它是保护和修复珊瑚礁生态系统的有效手段。为明确未来的研究目标，本文综述了微生物组工程的基本原理，并援引其在提升人类健康和促进农业增产方面的应用，提出了珊瑚微生物组工程的发展方向。最后，我们讨论了珊瑚微生物组工程应用于珊瑚礁保护与修复所面临的挑战，并提出了相应的建议。

关键词：珊瑚礁修复珊瑚共生体珊瑚益生菌白化微生物组工程

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A novel aldo-keto reductase gene,

Jinxi HUO, Bing DU, Sifan SUN, Shaozhen HE, Ning ZHAO, Qingchang LIU, Hong ZHAI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第2期页码 206-213 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018225

摘要： High concentrations of Cd can inhibit growth and reduce the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants. In several plant species, aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) have been shown to enhance tolerance to various abiotic stresses by scavenging cytotoxic aldehydes; however, few AKRs have been reported to enhance Cd stress tolerance. In this study, the gene was isolated from sweet potato. The relative expression levels of increased significantly (approximately 3-fold) after exposure to 200 mol·L CdCl or 10 mmol·L H O . A subcellular localization assay showed that is predominantly located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. -overexpressing tobacco plants showed higher tolerance to Cd stress than wild-type (WT). Transgenic lines showed a significant ability to scavenge malondialdehyde (MDA) and methylglyoxal (MG). In addition, proline content and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly higher and H O levels were significantly lower in the transgenic plants than in the WT. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging genes encoding guaiacol peroxidase ( ), ascorbate peroxidase ( ), monodehydroascorbate reductase ( ) and peroxidase ( ) were significantly upregulated in transgenic plants compared to WT under Cd stress. These findings suggest that overexpressing enhances tolerance to Cd stress via the scavenging of cytotoxic aldehydes and the activation of the ROS scavenging system.

关键词： cadmium stress IbAKR Ipomoea batatas sweet potato